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In some areas of climate impact analysis, the possible impact of a changing mean climate has been dismissed by some writers either because of a belief that society can adapt to a slowly changing mean and/or because expected rates ...
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In some areas of climate impact analysis, the possible impact of a changing mean climate has been dismissed by some writers either because of a belief that society can adapt to a slowly changing mean and/or because expected rates of future changes lie within or not far outside those experienced in the past. The two standard counter arguments to this optimistic view are: (1) the future will lead to much longer periods of protracted change in one direction, with final conditions well into the no-analogue region; and/or (2) the main impacts will accrue through changes in the frequency of extremes. In the literature on greenhouse effect, lip service is often paid to the effect of changes in the frequency of extremes.
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Climate change is often regarded as the poster child of interdisciplinarity. Understanding and defining the problem of climate change, let alone finding effective solutions, needs to draw on extremely diverse disciplines that rang...
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Climate change is often regarded as the poster child of interdisciplinarity. Understanding and defining the problem of climate change, let alone finding effective solutions, needs to draw on extremely diverse disciplines that range from the molecular to the global level and from physical science to ecology, technology, economics, human psychology and political science.
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Climate change requires urgent action; however, it can be challenging to identify individual-level behaviours that should be prioritised for maximum impact. The study aimed to prioritise climate change mitigation behaviours accord...
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Climate change requires urgent action; however, it can be challenging to identify individual-level behaviours that should be prioritised for maximum impact. The study aimed to prioritise climate change mitigation behaviours according to their impacts on climate change and public health, and to identify associated barriers and facilitators—exploring the impact of observed behaviour shifts associated with COVID-19 in the UK. A three-round Delphi study and expert workshop were conducted: An expert panel rated mitigation behaviours impacted by COVID-19 in relation to their importance regarding health impacts and climate change mitigation using a five-point Likert scale. Consensus on the importance of target behaviours was determined by interquartile ranges. In total, seven target behaviours were prioritised: installing double/triple glazing; installing cavity wall insulation; installing solid wall insulation; moving away from meat/emission heavy diets; reducing the number of cars per household; walking shorter journeys; and reducing day/weekend leisure car journeys. Barriers related to the costs associated with performing behaviours and a lack of complementary policy-regulated subsidies. The target behaviours are consistent with recommendations from previous research. To ensure public uptake, interventions should address behavioural facilitators and barriers, dovetail climate change mitigation with health co-benefits and account for the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on these behaviours.
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Among the legendary episodes in the history of science is the long period of time that elapsed between the dawning in Darwin抯 mind of the idea of evolution by natural selection and the publication of that idea in On the Origin of...
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Among the legendary episodes in the history of science is the long period of time that elapsed between the dawning in Darwin抯 mind of the idea of evolution by natural selection and the publication of that idea in On the Origin of Species. The point of the story, in most accounts, is the somewhat hasty composition of his book in the effort to establish priority over Alfred Russel Wallace. The often overlooked corollary, however, is the benefit Darwin derived from the delay. Although he had to commit words to paper in a hurry, by the time he did so his ideas had fully matured, and they were presented with an accumulation of evidence, a force of logic and an elegance of style that were by-products of the leisurely period of incubation.
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Maurie Cohen (Cohen 2010) revisits the world of rationing in World War II and
suggests that the experience of rationing in the UK under the dire conditions of Nazi
bombardment and threatened invasion may provide useful lessons as ...
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Maurie Cohen (Cohen 2010) revisits the world of rationing in World War II and
suggests that the experience of rationing in the UK under the dire conditions of Nazi
bombardment and threatened invasion may provide useful lessons as to how a cap
and trade system to control and reduce carbon emissions might work in a world of
dire climate change. Cohen’s argument is triggered in part by the use of warfare
metaphors by leading politicians and journalists to command public attention over
the looming dangers of unmitigated climate change. To be sure, the scientific
evidence is overwhelming that if left unchecked, increased atmospheric greenhouse
gas concentrations and decreased global forestation will lead to significant changes
in the Earth’s climate, ecosystems, and ocean chemistry (Solomon et al. 2007; see
also Oreskes 2004). Among other things, we can expect major human dislocations
from sea level change and altered patterns of precipitation (Stern et al. 2006; Parry
et al. 2007). Such impending difficulties—and the relative inaction and complacency
of much of the world in the face of them—has caused some leaders to turn to the
metaphor of warfare to convey the urgency of the situation, and to suggest that the
need for a cap and trade system with strict limits on corporate and personal carbon
use has now reached the level of an emergency.
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摘要 :
Maurie Cohen (Cohen 2010) revisits the world of rationing in World War II and suggests that the experience of rationing in the UK under the dire conditions of Nazi bombardment and threatened invasion may provide useful lessons as ...
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Maurie Cohen (Cohen 2010) revisits the world of rationing in World War II and suggests that the experience of rationing in the UK under the dire conditions of Nazi bombardment and threatened invasion may provide useful lessons as to how a cap and trade system to control and reduce carbon emissions might work in a world of dire climate change. Cohen’s argument is triggered in part by the use of warfare metaphors by leading politicians and journalists to command public attention over the looming dangers of unmitigated climate change. To be sure, the scientific evidence is overwhelming that if left unchecked, increased atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and decreased global forestation will lead to significant changes in the Earth’s climate, ecosystems, and ocean chemistry (Solomon et al. 2007; see also Oreskes 2004). Among other things, we can expect major human dislocations from sea level change and altered patterns of precipitation (Stern et al. 2006; Parry et al. 2007). Such impending difficulties—and the relative inaction and complacency of much of the world in the face of them—has caused some leaders to turn to the metaphor of warfare to convey the urgency of the situation, and to suggest that the need for a cap and trade system with strict limits on corporate and personal carbon use has now reached the level of an emergency.
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As the human population approaches 7 billion and is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, there will be much more pressure to increase food production, especially oceanic fisheries resources, which in regions like the Pacific provi...
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As the human population approaches 7 billion and is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, there will be much more pressure to increase food production, especially oceanic fisheries resources, which in regions like the Pacific provide essential protein and contribute to livelihoods. However, oceanic fisheries resources are considered close to full exploitation worldwide. These existing pressures are aggravated by climate through, for example, increasing ocean temperatures and ocean acidification, which are altering ocean ecosystems. This will demand the development and implementation of appropriate methods to address issues of vulnerability of oceanic fisheries to climate.
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